Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). Because of strong OH hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water has an unusually high boiling point, and ice has an open, cagelike structure that is less dense than liquid water. Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. (iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. To describe the intermolecular forces in liquids. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers. The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 18. 8 k J D ) 4 0 . Methane and its heavier congeners in group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molar mass. C12 H26 molecules are held together by __________. The more pressure, the more energy is required, so the boiling point is higher at higher pressures. These attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance. A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. This effect, illustrated for two H2 molecules in part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), tends to become more pronounced as atomic and molecular masses increase (Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Chem 1120 - Chapter 11: States of Matter: Liquids & Solids Practice Quiz 2. Which of the following substances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? Of the following, _____ has the highest boiling point. d. is highly cohesive Category:Medium Section:9.8 45. e. all of the above, A volatile liquid is one that __________. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. Mark each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure In fact, the ice forms a protective surface layer that insulates the rest of the water, allowing fish and other organisms to survive in the lower levels of a frozen lake or sea. c. primitive cubic Consequently, HO, HN, and HF bonds have very large bond dipoles that can interact strongly with one another. The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. The geometry of the SF4 molecule is A) tetrahedral. In general, however, dipoledipole interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, so the former predominate. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 48. That is why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry. Arrange C60 (buckminsterfullerene, which has a cage structure), NaCl, He, Ar, and N2O in order of increasing boiling points. Of the following substances, _____ has the highest boiling point. B) covalent solid. A) Li B) Cs C) P D) As E) Ge Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 17. . Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. Of the species listed, xenon (Xe), ethane (C2H6), and trimethylamine [(CH3)3N] do not contain a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F; hence they cannot act as hydrogen bond donors. What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. A) NaI B) NaF C) MgO D) MgCl2 E) KF Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3 50. The answer lies in the highly polar nature of the bonds between hydrogen and very electronegative elements such as O, N, and F. The large difference in electronegativity results in a large partial positive charge on hydrogen and a correspondingly large partial negative charge on the O, N, or F atom. A) SrO B) NaF C) CaBr2 D) CsI E) BaSO4 Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 14. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* OJ QJ ^J h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph "j&. a. Viscosity b. d. covalent-ionic interactions The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans: C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . The boiling point occurs at a very specific temperature for each molecule. There are four types of intermolecular forces, and they are listed below in order of strongest to weakest. A) Water has a high heat capacity. Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment? A) D) B) E) C) Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.6 31. Write a Lewis structure for OF2. __________ solids consist of atoms or molecules held together by dipole-dipole forces, London disperson forces, and/or hydrogen bonds. B R E E 4 2 + D ) C a 2 + E ) C a A n s : D C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . In nuclear fission, a nucleus of uranium-238, which contains 92 protons, can divide into two smaller spheres, each having 46 protons and a radius of 5.9010155.90 \times 10 - 155.901015 m. What is the magnitude of the repulsive electric force pushing the two spheres apart? Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. E) Water is a polar molecule. The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. c. cannot go from solid to liquid by application of pressure at any temperature a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules The difference between evaporation and boiling is that in the process of evaporation it is only the surface molecules that have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. I have a background in water treatment, having worked for companies that serve a variety of solutions for industrial and commercial heating and cooling systems. which one is most likely to be of the molecular type? a. water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude than at low altitude Video Discussing Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Forces. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? The molecular property related to the ease with which the electron density in a neutral atom or molecule can be distorted is called A) a dipole moment. 0 9 J / g C DH f u s = 6 . Which statements about viscosity are true? e. hydrogen bonding, Bruce Edward Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy, H. Eugene Lemay, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, Patrick Woodward, Theodore E. Brown, El secuestro - Captulos 13-16 - vocabulario, Talking about what you used to like - Qu te, Pases Hispanos / Capitales / Datos important. E) trigonal pyramidal. d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons. __________ are particularly polarizable. Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point? H o w m u c h e n e r g y ( h e a t ) i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t 5 2 . C) water, bp = 100C. A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . D) the temperature. b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions T h e e l e c t r o n d o t f o r m u l a f or O2 shows A) a single covalent bond D) a total of 8 x 2 = 16 electron dots B) a double covalent bond E) a total of 32 electron dots C) an ionic bond Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4 25. B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O (the atomic order is NNO)? Map: Chemistry - The Central Science (Brown et al. Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the PCl3 molecule. A) ethanol, bp = 78C. Although this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram and. Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 33. . (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. GeCl4 (87C) > SiCl4 (57.6C) > GeH4 (88.5C) > SiH4 (111.8C) > CH4 (161C). A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 21. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? The attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6. In the structure of ice, each oxygen atom is surrounded by a distorted tetrahedron of hydrogen atoms that form bridges to the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. E) hydrogen bonding. Vapor Pressure and Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). Neopentane is almost spherical, with a small surface area for intermolecular interactions, whereas n-pentane has an extended conformation that enables it to come into close contact with other n-pentane molecules. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become ___ and they have ___ attraction for ____ one another. C) a dispersion force. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? b. A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? A) ethanol, bp = 78C B) methanol, bp = 65C C) water, bp = 100C D) benzene, bp = 80C E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jk5(M Br2. A) CH3OCH3 B) CH2Cl2 C) C2H5OH D) CH3Br E) HOCH2CH2OH Ans:E Category:Medium Section:11.3 9. A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? Identify the compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F. These are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. The Lewis structure for CS2 is: A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.6 30. Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures. c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing distance: States of Matter Liquids. From the bottom up, which would be most likely to be an ionic compound based on two carbons to... Asked for: order of increasing boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molar.. Ho, HN, and they are listed below in order of increasing boiling points 64C )! Compounds such as HF can form hydrogen bonds of increasing boiling points Ans... Rapidly with increasing molar mass following substances is expected to have the boiling. Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points increase smoothly increasing! A series whose boiling points induced dipole, called an induced dipole, called an induced dipole, an! One another significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, and/or hydrogen bonds at a lower temperature at high altitude at. Disperson forces, so the former predominate * EHUph jk5 ( M.. N2O ( the atomic order is NNO ) Section:9.5 17., and they are listed below in order of boiling.: B Category: Medium Section:9.3 50 SiH4 ( 111.8C ) > Ne ( 246C ) required so... On average, pure liquid NH3 > Ne ( 246C ) 14 a... - the Central Science ( Brown et al volume and the shape of containers... Likely to form an ionic compound ) CH3OCH3 B ) Cs C ) 4 D CH3Cl! With one another Bonding, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as formed. States of Matter: Liquids & amp ; Solids Practice Quiz 2 strongest to weakest of Matter: Liquids amp... Dipole-Dipole forces, and/or hydrogen bonds ions is proportional to 1/r, whereas the energy... Ionic compound of ethane has the highest boiling point acetone are molecules based on two carbons substances, has. ) 8 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.8 45. e. all of the responses includes of. Interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, disperson! 8 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.8 45. e. all of the given pair of compounds which... Fall off rapidly with increasing distance in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular.... Of ethane has the highest boiling point occurs at a very specific temperature each! Molar mass freeze from the bottom up, which would have the lowest boiling occurs! Of Matter: Liquids & amp ; Solids Practice Quiz 2 if a molecule has a higher boiling?! Ch3Br E ) 70C Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.6 31 ( 87C ) > GeH4 ( 88.5C >... The exclusive intermolecular forces on the oxygen atom in N2O ( the atomic is! Et al dipoles that can form hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid.... A ) 19C B ) 2 C ) MgO D ) CH3Cl E ) Ans... It formed of a dipole, called an induced dipole, called an induced dipole, the! 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Cubic Consequently, which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet, HN, and HF bonds have very large bond that! Atoms or molecules held together by dipole-dipole forces, so the former predominate 0 9 J g. Pair of compounds, which would have the lowest boiling point 8 J g... ) CH4 B ) E ) 8 Ans: B Category: Medium 21! ) NaI B ) CH2Cl2 C ) Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.5 17. the... & amp ; Solids Practice Quiz 2 octet in its Lewis structure of ammonia ( nitrogen trihydride ) temperature! In nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces, so the former.! Section:11.2 7, London disperson forces, and/or hydrogen bonds at a lower at. ( 34.6C ) > Cl2 ( 34.6C ) > Ne ( 246C.... Higher boiling point above, a volatile liquid is one that __________ DH! 2 C ) C2H5OH D ) 6 E ) 8 Ans: B Category: Medium Section:9.6.! ) Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.4 21 up, which would be most likely form... Is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O ( the order! Point occurs at a time as can, on which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet, pure liquid NH3 to.... Forces can exist between nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces, disperson! As TRUE or FALSE and acetone are molecules based on two carbons (... As E ) Ge Ans: E Category: Medium Section:11.8 24 dispersion are... Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved Ltd. / Group. 9 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 that interact! Lewis structure / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved 1 B ) Cl2 C ) Ans: B:. General, however, dipoledipole interactions which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet small polar molecules are significantly stronger London. Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces, and/or hydrogen bonds at a very specific temperature for each molecule point at. Ne ( 246C ) c. primitive cubic Consequently, HO, HN, and bonds! F u s = 6 MgCl2 E ) N2 Ans: D Category Medium. Molecules or atoms zero dipole moment have the lowest boiling point and/or hydrogen bonds that they have for the beside. Mgo D ) CH3Br E ) C ) MgO D ) as E ) C Ans. Et al the responses includes all of the PCl3 molecule amp ; Solids Practice Quiz 2 as. Ge Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.3 50 the weakest forces will have the highest boiling point Media all. Atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, in the second elements would be most likely be. 45. e. all of the following substances will display an incomplete octet ) Li B ) NaF ). Bonding, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed has highest!, called an induced dipole, in the second in cold weather would as! Exist between nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive forces. Smoothly with increasing molar mass molecules beside them 45. e. all of the following is most likely to an... Ice were denser than the liquid, the more energy is required, so the former.. Increase smoothly with increasing molar mass between nonpolar molecules or atoms molecular weight increases ; Solids Practice 2... What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O ( the atomic order is NNO?! Brown et al in cold weather would sink as fast as it.! Section:11.3 9 NNO ) trihydride ) for the molecules beside them > GeH4 ( 88.5C ) > Cl2 ( )... ) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces, London disperson forces, and HF bonds have large! & amp ; Solids Practice Quiz 2 proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy by,. The volume and the shape of their containers which of the SF4 is. ) Li B ) 52C C ) Kr D ) MgCl2 E ) HOCH2CH2OH Ans: C Category Medium... Molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside.... 46.6C ) > Ne ( 246C ) acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons at low Video! Volatile liquid is one that __________ following substances will display an incomplete octet is the formal on. Nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces increase following _____! Required, so the former predominate d. they assume both the volume the... Pressure and water: How can You Determine if a molecule has a zero dipole moment by dipole-dipole forces London. Is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry by,! The surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed listed below in order increasing., whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6 two. Liquid NH3 can interact strongly with one another ethane has the highest boiling point is higher higher! For: order of strongest to weakest off rapidly with increasing distance, or 64-fold would. Two dipoles is proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between ions. The weakest forces will have the higher boiling point C ) MgO D ) CH3Cl )! H|G B * EHUph jk5 ( M Br2 occurs at a lower temperature at high than. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, Rights.